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123.

Frontinus a Roman Author hath spoken of these conduits of water after another manner, what we call an inch he calls a Quinaria, but that his quinaria was somewhat smaller;  it seems that ye manner of applying what he calls a calice, at ye bottom of wch he had a small pipe of ye greatness of his Quinaria cannot be just and it seems better to bring to one part of ye village 10 inches if there is need but of 20 inches for ye particulars wch are there and discharg them into a long reservatory, where a gage was applyed as above, giveing an inch or half an inch, according to ye design, and when there is parts wch are in value but one line wch is 1/144 part of an inch, or 2 lines wch is 1/72 part of an inch then we must make ye gage otherwise than that above.  In a small seperate reservatory we let ye water pass 5 lines above ye holes and haveing made a square hole of 4 lines large, we took away 9/14 of that largeness leaving ye height of 4 lines wch gave ye ninth part of an inch that is to say 16 lines, ye half of that largeness will give 8 lines and 1/4 4 lines, or else we may make ye water pass 6 1/2 lines above a hole of one line square, therefore takeing away 3/14 to make ye precise value of a round line wch will give 1/14 of 14 pints in aminute and 144 pints in 24 hours of those whereof 36 make a cubic foot:  If we double its largeness, it shall be 2 lines wch will give a muid in 24 hours and 12 pints in an hour, and 3 ints in 1/4 hour;  and to be certain that it gives no more nor less than 2 lines, we must count ye time in wch that holes fills a semiseptier, and if it is in 78 seconds ye measure shall be just:  We must convey that little water [[strikethrough]] of [[/strikethrough]] in channells of an inch at least, for they might be stopped up if they were smaller and also every 20 years we must take that ye gages are not filled with any stony matter wch diminisheth their holes and in that case we must make them anew.

When ye pipes of a conduit are not large enough there is heaped up in ye lowest places very fine mud, wch ye clearest waters oftentimes carry with them, wch becometh hard entirely stopps ye pipes, whereof it is convenient in ye lowest places to make holes from time to time for ye water to run out with violence wch will carry with it that filth provided it is not petrified.

It happens moreover that if we are obliged to make a pipe pass below some eminence, we just sodder to ye upper part of ye pipe of ye conduit another small pipe wch is called a vent pipe;  this pipe hath a cock at a moderate height above ye pipe of ye conduit, it is opened from time to time to let out ye air, wch being drawn down with ye water is gathered in ye upper part of ye pipe, and wch being compressed by ye water wch presseth it, gets out in bubles, and strikes violently against ye pipes of ye conduit that it many times makes holes, if it is not very strong to resist, and at last breaks it if it is of a fragile matter.

The End

Transcription Notes:
mandc: Reviewed. A quinaria (plural: quinariae) is a Roman unit of area, roughly equal to 4.2 square centimeters (0.65 sq in). Its primary use was to measure the cross-sectional area of pipes in Roman water distribution systems. Calice is Latin for cup.