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In the Institution's science efforts, such as the Tropical Research Institute and the Astrophysical Observatory, I saw the possibility that grant funds from other agencies would inevitably diminish, and that these would have to be replenished through increases to basic operations. Our appropriations support for science has roughly tripled in the last ten years while the government grant funds have ebbed and flowed, reflecting the support for the agencies themselves. We should continue to look for opportunities with regard to grants which are related to our traditional endeavors. We should keep exploring, keep flexible, and keep light on our feet. But we should not rely on grant support from Federal agencies to sustain our programs.

In building support, we have been open in our attempts to analyze the Institution's base, both internally and publicly, for purposed of constructing our OMB requests and our Congressional presentations. If we continue to improve on our past models, we could derive even further benefits for the Institution's programs. Examining our base operations is important. The average government bureau does not keep sight of its base, or is it able to get back to that base. It cannot open up the base and expose it to clean up dead wood, to clear out the white ash and termites, and to be prudent and thrifty. We must, because our basic operations are what we rely on, and what we must build.

On the essential private side of the Institution, we have been working in two directions. One is what I call operation "boot-strap." We have been making a firm and determined attempt, which is beginning to show certain returns, at developing marketable products. The other effort has been to develop a constituency. By developing a constituency we can broaden our support potential. The overall objective of these efforts is to balance private resources, in some equivalent way, with our government resources.

Because of the dual nature of the Institution, it is also the responsibility of our bureaus to help achieve this objective, and not sit back and relax and assume that the Federal