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Ring-bill May 12, II than the [[strikethrough]] M [[/strikethrough]] PCC note. Further evidence that ch is lower intensity than Fr: it would appear that neighboring pairs will do it when two birds are engaged in a violent dispute, (with actual fighting, Fr, and P) Have just, 2:25, seen violent dispute; first actual fighting, then Fr with P's. Fr both standing and sitting. In both, the aggressive head-set was present — looked not unlike low-intensity choking postures. No trace of actual choking, however. Another example of sitting bird, giving anxiety LCN with P motions and R to Herring Gull. Anxiety LCN, in fact, must contain an actually strong escape component, but not necessarily a relatively strong escape component. Have seen this reaction again and again now. Always with R. R includes raising of head & neck feathers, all over I think, but most conspicuous on back of head. Once, as a reaction to Herring, I saw what appeared to be "upward choking" - bill almost closed Repeated PAG's often seen as a reaction to Herring Gulls - by non-sitting birds Then PAG seen during intra-specific dispute, 2:43, again by non-sitting birds. I think that M is the most frequent of all the O call predecessors of choking — or, rather, the most M-like of the PCC sounds. It is obvious that when HD and TT are re-orientated toward an opponent, the HD is reorientated sideways, and the TT is reorientated both sideways and vertically. Some M notes are even higher-pitched, more like a whine,
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