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FRANKLIN'S GULL. (1954). IV.

PAIRING AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR. 

1. Competition for stations. June 1, II.
2. Changing of territories. Comment: May 30, III.
3. "Ground Ceremony". Individual variation: May 20, V. Playing with nest-material after the Ground Ceremony: June 5, II. Possibly by a female with territory: June 4, V.
4. "Mutual Ceremony". General comment: May 11, I; May 12, I; May 18, III, V; May 20, VI, VII, VIII. Examples: May 15, I; May 18, III, IV, V; May 20, II. Circular parade: May 31, III. Female going from male to male: June 1, I: June 5, III. Female attacks male: June 3, V. Third birds visiting or intruding: May 24, I.
5. Circular Flights. May 13, I; May 18, II, III; May 20, VII; May 25, IV; May 30, I: May 31, III. 
6. Redirection during Mutual Ceremony. May 13, I; May 24, II.
7. Regurgitation and feeding. May 15, I. Male feeding Call, possible examples: May 18, I; May 20, II.
8. Redirection during Food-begging. Comment: May 15, II. Example:  May 20, II.
9. Copulation Attempts. Drawing: June 3, I. Apparently successful: May 18, II; May 19, I; May 24, II; May 26, II; May 29, II; May 31, III; June 3, I, III, VI; June 5, II, IV. Apparently unsuccesful: May 24, II; May 25, II, IV, V; May 29, II, V; June 3, I; June 4, V; June 9, III. After incubation: June 3, 3.5; June 4, V. The Copulation Call: June 3, I. Copulation Call relationship to the Gakkering Call: May 29, II, V; May 31, III.
10. Attack by neighbors during sexual activity. May 15, I; May 24, II.
11. Post-copulatory nest-building. June 3, I, VI.
12. Pair-formation. General comment: June 26, I. First real sign: May 20, VIII. Particularly good description early stages: June 1, III. Later stages: June 1, II.
13. Differences between the Ground Ceremonies of mated and unmated males. June 26, I.
14. Apparently autochthonous nest-building. June 5, VII; June 7, III; June 13, II, IV.