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Paroaria, I.                                 
July 29, 1961
Seuila[?]  

Black-faced Cardinal = gularis = [[image]] 

Yesterday afternoon, I saw 3 individuals of this species in the mangroves, along a canal, in the Caroni marsh. Feeding in the taller mangrove trees and bushes, apparently on insects.  

One of the birds was apparently single. The other two were a pair. They were all quite silent most of the time. 

The birds of the pair did utter a few notes, however. Hoarse, slightly metallic "chink"s. Both when perched and when flying. In flight more or less comme ça:  "chick chick-chick chick..." No doublets when perched. These notes were either CN's or hostile.  

Paroaria, I
April 5, 1962
Washington Zoo 

Come across two Paroaria Cardinals in a small cage here 5:30 am. 
        
The cage is labeled "Black-faced Cardinal, Paroaria gularis nigro-genes"; but the 2 birds are obviously slightly different from one another. One bird is red headed and red throated, and has a complete black "mask", the black on the cheeks reaching as far back as the red. The other is orange headed, with a black patch around eye and between eye and bill, and a black-throat.
    
Talking to the keeper a few days later, he told me that one bird was a Black-throated Cardinal, Paroaria gularis (he may