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[[underline]] modestus [[/underline]], Nov. 20, 1955, II. [[image-number 100 in circle]]

[[image-bird with head level and beak closed]] [[image-bird with head level and beak open]] (common just before attack)

extreme R, and then rush forward to attack one of the Belcher's Gull. Sometimes this attack accompanied by LCN.

[[image-bird with head raised and beak closed]] [[image-bird with head raised and beak open]]

This R was thus [[underline]] obviously [[/underline]] hostile [[image-bird with head raised and beak closed]] (It should be noted, incidentally, that the extreme "typical" F postures were relatively rare; the typical H posture common at the beginning of the performance, and the postures with neck stretched diagonally upward or or approximately straight forward were common just before the delivery of the actual blow, (which often took the form, therefore, of an upward jab).

Some of these postures with R could almost be considered unritualized pre-attack postures, except for the R; and it is not surprising, therefore that a few unritualized attacks also occurred. 

November 20, 1955
Zoo, Lima

[[underline]] serranus [[/underline]]

A single bird of this species. Occasional dispute when another gull came near; but also a lot of threatening toward human spectators who thrust things at him. (This latter fact may possibly have changed the orientation of the birds' displays, but I don't think so. In any case, the form of those displays shown to other birds was the same as that of the same displays shown toward human beings. 

One brief V performed, after L.C. performance. Appeared to be rather aggressive.

Quite a number of what appeared to be single FB or LCN notes. Brief "Kreee"s, accompanied by momentary retraction of head & neck, into a posture reminiscent of H!! Directed toward humans