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[[image-number 120 in circle]]

[[underline]] modestus [[/underline]] Nov. 24, 1955, III.

Some, but by no means all, of the L.C. performances are followed by a T movement & note. Usually, I think, more like T from V than like T from H. The T note itself appears to be much as described earlier, i.e. without the undertone of rattle. 

This latter, in fact, appears to be true of all the complete L.C. notes. [[underline]] No rattle undertone during either part. [[/underline]] But the rattle tone is certainly present in most of the single LCN's. 

Can this rattle undertone be considered, in part at least, as a persistently juvenile character? It is really somewhat reminiscent of the "reediness" of the juv. LCN's of so many species 

There is another "L" posture in addition to the one following O. This is much more extreme than the latter. Just like L&M postures of the Laughing & Franklin's Gulls. Some of these extreme L's are probably M. Others may conceivably be somewhat different. More aggressive; i.e. by the attacking bird before or after attack. Some of these are certainly accompanied by a soft, rather long-drawn "Waaaauh", which may well be homologous with the M notes of other species, i.e. a soft muffled version of the "basic LCN" (as distinguished from the actual LCN shown by these adults - lacks rattle tone). 

The whole L.C. performance of this species is surprisingly like the L.C. of the [[underline]] atricilla [[/underline]] gulls. [[underline]] It is beginning to look very much as if some form of O-L-T performance was the primitive ancestral form of the L.C. [[/underline]]  

I have seen a lot of V's; but haven't paid too much attention to them. Still - it is obvious that a rather surprising proportion of the V's seen are rather Aux, or at least no more aggressive than "intermediate". This is perhaps particularly true of the V's provoked or directed toward the mate, (even the V's by the [[image-symbol for male]]'s).

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