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[[circle]] 122 [[/circle]]

[[underline]] modestus [[/underline]], Nov. 25 1955, II 

Then the [[image - female symbol]] put her head to ground, in a semi-choke or Gost posture, [[underline]] briefly regurgitated with choking movements. [[/underline]]

She quickly swallowed back food. Both birds [[image – bird drawing]]  went back to their mutual begging as before. [[image - male symbol]] finally went down into M posture, (I don't know whether with call or without; bill open, of course). Regurge. [[image - female symbol]] tries to eat; but I don't think she succeeded; [[image - male symbol]] probably swallowed food back too quickly. Back to begging as before. Then [[image - male symbol]] mounted. Cop itself much like that of other gulls. [[image - female symbol]] continued T during most of the time [[image - male symbol]] on her back. [[underline]] [[image - male symbol]] bill closed, apparently no Cop. Call. [[/underline]] Cop apparently successful 3 times. Post-cop display, mutual V-HF-HF-V-Gost-V-HF-V. Then back to begging again.

One thing I have noticed about the begging, both in the above and other incidents, especially the begging in H: it is accompanied by very conspicuous, "nervous," side to side head-turning.

This approach to the partner in conspicuous "silent M" posture is extremely common - almost inevitable. Might appear to be an "appeasement" pattern - almost a form of H. An attempt to approach without provoking hostility.

Have seen at least one case of O followed by T in an apparently purely hostile situation.

Most flying birds give usual "rattle" LCN in flight. One bird, however, flying over me, gave pure "Kiow" just like typical large [[underline]] Larus [[/underline]]

[[image - male symbol]] stands in rather low-intensity form of V. [[underline]] [[image - female symbol]] rushes off to attack other birds [[/underline]]; makes two actual, vigorous, attacks!

One point must be home in mind; when it comes to writing up the general review of Laridae as a whole. The fact that the Gray Gulls have essentially the same hostile behavior as the [[underline]] atricilla [[/underline]] gulls might suggest that they too may have given rise to their own group of "terns". It might not be necessary to point the repeated evolution of white head vs dark body or dark head vs light body. Each one may have only evolved once