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[[circle]] 188 [[/circle]]

[[underline]] serranus [[/underline]], Dec. 13, 1955, II

by birds circling over me. Long LCN's given by pursuer during pursuit flight. Long LCN's given by bird during Swoop. The long + short LCN's are very similar. The short LCN's given by flying birds are just like the ones previously mentioned as occurring during disputes on the ground. The long ones are often very long ________; must also be transcribed as "Kreeeeeeeeee...", but they are purer than the short LCN's, lack the "rattle" or "rolling R" undertone. All sorts of intermediates between them. The long LCN's are presumably the equivalent of, and homologous with, the PCC's of other gulls.

This circling, noted above, was just like that of the Ring-bill. No up & down movements.

The three cases of Swooping + Soaring observed occurred when several birds (5) were circling around me. All performed by one individual. Redirected in [[vamo?]]. Relatively short; but quite steep [[image - drawing of bird swooping]]. Pronounced dihedral during Soar.

The only remarkable thing about the postures of the birds screaming LCN's above use, and the bird Swooping + Soaring, was the peculiar effect conveyed by the position + relative eye of head + neck. The neck was usually stretched forward + downward, the head also pointing downward; and there was a noticeable contrast between the wall black head + the large "puffy" white neck

Several birds circling above me, or flying straight toward me, have screamed a long series of LCN's, the long bird, with very little pause, if any, between successive notes These performances were not, however, complete Long Calls. No `----__ effect.

I have heard some LCN's by flying first year birds. Usually brief, although some moderately long. Much like those of adults, but buzzier (more "rattle"?), more like the LCN's of Bonaparte's Gull.

No sign of "erratic flighting" like that of Bonaparte's Gull

In general, the voice of this species, compared with that of the