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[[underline]] serranus [[/underline]], Dec. 15, 1955, V.

Have again heard a number of first year birds flying above me, screaming LCN's. Voice quite like that of adults. I have not heard first-year birds utter the very highest, shrillest, & longest LCN's; but this is probably because I have never seen a first- year bird as "excited" or "upset" as some of the adults.

[[underline]] dominicanus [[/underline]] December 18, 1955. Zoo, Santiago

A lot of these birds in a pen here In fairly good condition; but flesh colors (i.e. bill & legs) a little pale. Some of the birds quite active in "semi-sexual" behavior (i.e. "friendly" choking, M, etc.).

M note is a "muffled" plaintive "Waaaaaaah". Just like that of Herring Gull. Possibly a little deeper in pitch.

M is often preliminary to choking.

Some of the M-Ch between members of pair appears to be "purely" "friendly"; but a lot of it is obviously redirection as a result of hostile encounters with neighbors

HD is usually accompanied by 2 notes. These are "clearer" than M notes, and usually shorter, but still they are much more like M notes than are the O notes. [[underline]] This may be significant in connection with the homology of L and HD postures. [[/underline]]

Ch usually done standing posture like Herring Gull.

Bill is wide open throughout O, but the mandibles do close very slightly between each note [[image - sketch of bill wide open for "note", and slightly less open for "between notes"]] This closing is very inconspicuous.

Some Ch. appears to be absolutely silent, [[underline]] even close up [[/underline]]. (Presumably low intensity) Other Ch is accompanied by call exactly like Herring Gull Ch. call