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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION  815
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testator in using the term "civilization" intended to refer to a degree of culture beyond the primitive. As the testator was interested in objects of art, it seems to your Committee that his purpose was to encourage the study of the civilization of the Far East in relation to the development of the fine arts, and not in the wider sense as relating to all efforts at progress that may have been made in emerging from a savage condition.

Your Committee is further of the opinion that the income described is not applicable to the study "of all attributes of the civilized state, so far as the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution may direct, and so far as associated with the civilization of the Far East", for this would involve the possible study of everything which has a human interest in relation to civilization, as for example, all matters pertaining to social, political and governmental relations and development. It is the opinion of your Committee that the testator had in mind the study of civilization which would throw light upon the development of the fine arts.

The term "Far East" as used by the testator is to be regarded as having reference to what is generally considered to be the Far East and not to include "all territory between the 90th and 180th meridians of East longitude and between latitude +90° and -90°" but should be regarded as restricted to China, Japan, Korea and Indo-China and territory closely related thereto.

Your Committee does not believe that "phenomena now existing in other localities, but traceable to the civilization of the "Far East" may be studied with the income derived from the bequest as this would be taken to justify archaeological researches in various parts of the American continent such as Alaska, Mexico, Peru, etc., whereas the testator, as the Committee thinks, had in mind the study of the civilization of the Far East itself and not of that which was traceable remotely to the Far East.

"Q. 8. In paragraph 4 of the said Codicil, lines 10 to 37, does the language of line 12 (and following) beginning 'and to that end' indicate the sole methods to be employed 'for the promotion of high ideals of beauty', or merely suggest certain methods, or even certain preferred methods but not to the exclusion of other methods deemed by the Regents of the Smithsonian as conducive to that end? May purchases described in lines 12 to 15 be made after the time when by decease or otherwise the approval of any survivors of the four 'friends' named shall be no longer available?"
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