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THE MADAM C.J. WALKER SCHOOLS
 
Some Important Bones of the Upper Body

THE STERNUM-BREAST BONE.
THE CLAVICLE-COLLAR BONE.
THE SCAPULA-SHOULDER BLADE.

THE VERTEBRAE is the series of small bones that comprise the spinal column. In youth there are 33 bones in the vertebrae but in adults there are only 26. The upper end supports the head, and the lower end is attached to the pelvic bones which in turn are joined with the hip bones. The first upper bone of the vertebrae is called the ATLAS and the second upper bone the AXIS. The Atlas supports the head and the Axis forms a pivot around which the Atlas rotates when the head is turned.

THE RIBS, 24 in number, are situated twelve on each side of the vertebrae and form the thoracic cavity. They are elastic, arch shaped bones, the first seven pairs of which are called the TRUE RIBS, and the remaining five pairs the FALSE RIBS.

Bones of the Cranium or Head (8)

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FRONT VIEW OF SKULL

1. FRONTAL, forehead.

2. OCCIPTAL, base of the head.

3. PARIETAL, (2) left and right, forming greater parts of the sides and top of skull.

4. TEMPORAL (2) nearest the ears, temples.

5. ETHMOID, Roof of Nasal cavity joining base of cranium. Porcus.

6. SPHENOID, Base of brain, behind eye sockets, resembles a bat with extended wings.

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TEXT BOOK OF BEAUTY CULTURE

Bones of the Face (14)

NASAL (2), Forming the upper bridge of nose.

VOMER, Wing like at the lower back part of nasal cavity.

TURBINATORS (2) outer wall of each side of nostril. (Interior Nasal Concha).

LACRYMALS (2) front part of eye sockets.

MALARS (2) Form the cheeks. (Zygomatic).

PALATES (2) L shaped, forming parts of roof of mouth, nasal cavity and eye sockets. (Infraorbital Foramen).

SUPERIOR MAXILLARY (2) forms the upper jaw.

INFERIOR MAXILLARY or MANDIBLE forms the lower jaw.

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SIDE VIEW OF SKULL

There is still another bone sometimes listed among the bones of the face, known as the HYOID, which is shaped like a horse shoe and whose function is to support the tongue. But in as much as it may be felt in the neck just above the Adam's apple it is more rightly termed a bone of the head.

A SINUS is a hollow or cavity within the bones of the head. Four Sinuses communicate with the two nasal cavities. These are known as the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses are all are lined with a sensitive mucous membrane.

Each ear has three small bones known as the MALLEUS, largest and outermost; STAPES, smallest and innermost; and the INCUS, which lay between and serves to connect these two.

Bones of the Arm and Hand

The Arm. (3)
1. HUMERUS- Bone of the upper arm, shoulder to elbow.
2. ULNA- Large bone of the lower or forearm, elbow to wrist.
3. RADIUS- Small bone of the forearm.

The hand (3 PARTS, 27 BONES).

1. CARPUS, WRIST-8 Carpal Bones.

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