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THE MADAM C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS

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[[caption]] BONES OF THE ARM AND HAND [[/caption]]

2. METACARPUS, BODY OR PALM - 5 Metacarpal Bones.

3. PHALANGES, FINGERS OR DIGITS - 3 bones in each finger and 2 in the thumb.

The eight carpal bones of the wrist are known as the SCAPHOID, SEMILUNAR, CUNIEFORM, PISIFORM, TRAPEZIUM, TRAPEZOID, OS MAGNUM and the UNCIFORM. The first four are located in the upper part of the wrist; the last four are located beneath them and are connected with the Metacarpal bones, which in turn are known as the first, second, etc. Metacarpal bones, according to the digit on which they are located, the thumb being known as the first digit.

CHAPTER SIX

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

The study of muscles is called MYOLOGY. Muscles are contractable fibrous tissue, covering and attached to the bones of the body, also found in the walls of the stomach, intestines and heart. They are soft flesh, closely resembling lean meat. There are more than five hundred Muscles in the body and they comprise from 40 to 50% of the body's weight.

Characteristics

All muscles possess the special characteristics of (a) excitability, (b) extensibility, (c) elasticity and (d) contractility.

EXCITABILITY may be defined as the power to be excited to action or stimulated, as in the practice of beauty culture by massage with the electric vibrator and therapeutic heat.

EXTENSIBILITY refers to the ability of muscles to be stretched or extended.

ELASTICITY means the power of muscles after being extended to readily return to their original form.

CONTRACTILITY is the property which enables muscles to change their shape and become shorter and thicker.

TONE is the term applied to the mild, sustained contraction of muscles. In beauty culture this is affected by facial massage. The manipulation or kneading process of massage exercises the muscles thereby increasing the circulation of the blood and at the same time contracts or shortens the muscles. This contraction assists in the elimination of waste material and is due to the impulses sent into the muscles by the nervous system.

As one grows older muscular tissue gradually becomes weak and flabby due to a lack of exercise, fatigue or malnutrition. Fatigue which is an accumulation of waste matter and which acts as poisons or a lack of nutrition, may result from over-exertion or too much electrical treatment which destroy too many body cells.

Muscular Tissue is Affected by:
1. MASSAGE.
2. NERVE IMPULSES.
3. ELECTRICITY.
4. CHEMICALS.
5. HEAT.