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THE MADAM C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS

and soon we find not only disordered nerves, but indigestion and constipation as well as a result of continued fatigue.

REFLEX NERVE ACTION

This is the muscular activity produced by the stimulation of Motor nerves by impulses sent out by the sensory nerves. It may be likened to a telephone system in that the receptor or sensory nerve (transmitter) receives the stimuli, transmits it along the processes (wires) to the motor nerve (receiver). The reception and transmission of the impulse is known as a reflex circuit-a sensory neuron and a motor neuron. Nerve reflexes are classified according to the response brought about by a stimulus as:

1. Simple Reflexes, or those in which a single muscle is affected, as in closing the eyes.

2. Coordinate Reflexes, or those in which several muscles are concerned in coordinate action, as in eating, walking, talking, etc.

3. Convulsive Reflexes, or those in which there is no coordination of muscular activity, as in spasms, writer's cramps, etc.

INHIBITION

If every nerve stimulation were followed by its full response, the body would be jumping and jerking, first this way and then that, all the time. Such overactivity is checked by the partial or complete blocking of impulses or their results by what is known as INHIBITION. It also serves to depress the activity of motor nerves and thereby reduce the "tone" of muscle.

HABIT

An impulse which pauses through a certain set of nerve cells a great many times gradually breaks down the resistance in its path and future impulses will pass through the same cells with increasingly less resistance. Constantly repeating an act makes its performance easier each time and leaves some change in the nerve fibers involved. Such changes and the ease of performing the act are called HABIT.

THE BRAIN

The brain, located in the skull, is the largest and most complex mass of nervous tissue in the body. It is divided into five parts, connected, and known as the CEREBRUM, MID-BRAIN, the CEREBELLUM, the PONS and the MEDULLA OBLONGOTA.

TEXT BOOK OF BEAUTY CULTURE

The average weight of the brain in the adult male is about 48 6/10 oz. or slightly more than three pounds; in the adult female about 44 oz. or 2 3/4 pounds. The brain grows rapidly in children until they reach five years of age and ceases to grow generally in the eighteenth or twentieth year. As one grows older the brain loses weight, at first slowly and later more rapidly. Mental exercise keeps the brain active and capable of development, just as exercise tends to develop the body.

The brain is not a solid mass but contains 4 cavities called VENTRICLES.

MENINGES-The brain, like the spinal cord is enclosed within three membranes, known as MENINGES. The meninges are named, from the outside inward, DURA MATER, ARACHNOID and PIA MATER. The Dura Mater is the hard outside covering; the Arachanoid is the weblike middle membrane, and the Pia Mater is the vascular inner membrane. The disease meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, or membranes of the brain or spinal cord.

CEREBRUM

This is by far the largest part of the brain. It is egg-shaped, and fills the whole of the upper part of the skull. It contains numerous furrows or fissures and ridges or convolutions. These infold gray matter, the accepted source of intellectual power. Hence, the more numerous and deeper the fissures and convolutions are the more gray matter there is and the greater the intellect. Babies and idiots have few and shallow furrows, while the brains of geniuses show many, deep convolutions.

CEREBELLUM- This part of the brain occupies the lower back part of the skull cavity and helps to maintain the equilibrium of the body by coordinating muscular activity.

MEDULLA-OBLONGOTA

This is the continuation of the spinal cord into the skull cavity where it widens into a bulb shaped mass. It is the center of control of the involuntary action of the body and serves as a relay station of sensory nerves to the brain.

Nerves Involved in Facial Massage

1. Facial and its Branches- Ear lobe region forward to corners of mouth supplying all muscles of expression.

2. Infra-Orbital- Eye supplying muscles of nose and cheeks.