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THE MADAM C.J. WALKER SCHOOLS

serves to connect the back part of the mouth known as the pharynx with the stomach. The Stomach is a collapsible sac-like enlargement of the ailmentary canal which serves as a temporary receptacle for food. It varies in size and shape according to its content and the stage of digestion of the food within it. Its function is to receive food in quantity, hold it while it is changed to a semi-liquid state known as Chyme and to secrete gastric fluids. At frequent intervals small amounts of chyme are passed from the stomach to the small intestines.

THE SMALL INTESTINES- Which is a wrinkled tube about 23 feet long, situated in the central and lower part of the abdominal cavity, is divided into three portions known as the DUODENUM, JEJUNUM, and ILEUM. It is in the small intestine that the greatest amount of digestion and absorption takes place. It receives the bile from the liver, the pancreatic fluid from the pancreas and its wrinkles delay the passage of food so that the digestive fluids can thoroughly act upon it.

THE LARGE INTESTINE is about 5 feet long but wider than the small intestine, being about 2 1/2 inches wide at one point. It is divided into four parts known as the CECUM, onto which is the APPENDIX, the COLON, the RECTUM and the ANAL CANAL. The functions of the large intestine are to continue the process of digestion and absorption and to dispel waste products from the body

GLANDS- These are organ which take certain materials from the blood and make it into a new substance. Cells, it will be recalled possess the same power. But certain groups of cells secrete specific substances and are termed glands. They differ widely in size, but according to structure may be classified as (1) simple and (2) compound.

Classified according to the function they perform, they are known as (1) Secretory and (2) Excretory. Glands contain ample blood supply and are activated by the nervous system and chemical products moved from place to place by the blood.

The SALIVARY GLANDS produce saliva and aid in digesting food.

The INTESTINAL Glands produce certain secretions which also aid in digesting food.

The PANCREAS, produces pancreatic juices which restricts the sugar in the body and promotes digestion.

The LACRIMAL Glands are the Tear Glands.

TEXT BOOK OF BEAUTY CULTURE

The SEBACEOUS Glands, located in the skin, moisten, oil and protect the surface of the skin.

The SUDORIFEROUS Glands, also located in the skin, secrete perspiration or sweat and expel body waste.

The MAMMARY Glands secrete milk for the young.

The PARATHYROID Glands (4) regulate the calcium content of the blood.

The GASTRIC Glands aid in child birth.

The THYROID Gland is a small flat gland of two parts or lobes located on either side of the trachea. It is one of the most important glands of the body because upon its proper functioning greatly depends the general health. Its function is to furnish the body with THYROXIN, a necessary substance containing a high percentage of iodine, which neutralized bacteria and other poisons, keeps the mucous membranes healthy and aids the nervous system. If this gland becomes diseased or is removed, grave physical and mental disturbances occur. Increased activity of the gland due to a decrease in the iodine within it, results in goiter, some forms of insanity, abnormal bone formation in children, etc. Over-activity of the Thyroid gland in producing its internal secretion, produces another type of goiter characterized by protruding eye balls, nervousness, heart trouble, increased appetite but loss of weight. It is highly important that beauticians watch for goiter in their patrons and use caution is massaging the neck where this enlarged gland is located.

The LIVER is the largest gland in the body, weighing about 3 pounds, and performs important functions. The liver manufactures bile; takes sugar (glucose) from the food we eat, converts it into glycogen and stores it until the body needs it, when it is again converted into glucose and poured into the circulation; it changes much of the protein waste into substances which can be eliminated from the body by the kidneys; and plays a part in forming blood clots by furnishing a substance known as heparin. The liver is located just in front of and under the diaphragm, under the right kidney, and is well supplied with nerves and blood vessels.

The GALL BLADDER is a pear shaped sac on the under surface of the liver, about an inch wide and three and one half inches long. It serves as a storehouse for the bile.

The SPLEEN is sometimes classed as a gland. It is supposed that it acts as a storehouse for blood cells, plays some part in preserving the iron content of the body and in changing body waste for excretion by the Kidneys.