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THE MADAM C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS

fanning or with the hair dryer. Never wipe the hair with a towel, this will cause streaks.

Dark streaks caused by too heavy application of dye may be improved by lightly applying peroxide and ammonia and drawing a hot iron along the wet strands.

Avoid, as far as possible, using hot irons on the hair immediately after it has been dyed. Best results come from waiting 24 hours before applying heat of any kind.

However, if time does not permit, proceed to dress the hair by using only a moderately hot iron. To much heat may cause the shade to develop further.

Dye stains on the skin may be removed by the use of alcohol, peroxide, oil and cream.

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CHAPTER NINETEEN

WAVING

MARCEL WAVING

Of all the branches of Beauty Culture, Marcel Waving is considered one of the most important. It probably attracts more attention than any other phase of the work because the style and character of Milady's Marcelled Hair holds the center of the stage in the Drama of Feminine Beauty.

SHORT HISTORY OF MARCEL

Marcel Waving was originated by the great French Hair dresser, Monsieur Marcel Grateau in 1872.

As most men hairdressers, Marcel received his first training as a barber's apprentice. One day he was attracted by the beauty of Madame Grateau, his Mother's glistening hair, which fell about her shoulders in a series of beautiful, natural waves. It was then, we are told, that young Marcel set about to imitate the undulations, or alternate waving, of her curly tresses.

So adept did Marcel become that he soon opened a shop in Paris which became a beauty center. English and French ladies of the nobility and high social caste were soon paying large sums for his services.

It was not long before Marcel acquired considerable wealth and although he is dead, the popularity of the style he created for dressing the hair continues popular throughout the world, wherever hair dressing is practiced.

MARCELLING

Marcel Waving or Marcelling as it is sometimes called, is the shaping of straight hair into a series of continual letter S's by means of a heated iron called the Marcel Iron. The wave consists of two waves, each identical with the other, but alternating and curving, first to the right or to the left down the entire length of the hair and around the head. The Marcel Wave resembles a perfect, natural wave and when done correctly is a work of art.

In learning to marcel no point more important to remember than that marcelling is done with perfectly relaxed wrist and fingers. Stiffness of the arm and hand will prove handicap in attempting to master this important phase of beauty culture.

The proper heating of the iron is another important factor in

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