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THE MADAM C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS

become so well fixed in your mind until you can execute them subconsciously. Without this close attention to the task before you and complete confidence in your ability you will find marcel waving difficult to master.
WATER WAVING
Water waving presents a very pretty style without the use of irons. A head of wavy or naturally curly hair may be made into waves much resembling marcel waves, with the use of ordinary side combs. The hair must be shampooed before beginning the operation.
The combs should be inserted while the hair is yet damp. If the hair is quite curly, a curling fluid will not be needed but if the hair is only wavy, it may be dampened with a solution made of one part wave set or curling fluid and two parts water.
Straight hair may be water waved if a waving fluid is used, but it cannot be depended upon to hold its curl as long as hair that is naturally curly or wavy. The hair should be dampened or left damp (not wet) and combed well through, leaving no tangles.
The wave should first be established with the hand or dressing comb before the water waving combs are inserted. Decide which way the hair is to be dressed as is done when about to give a marcel wave. It is true that the hair may be dressed just as becomingly and stylishly by the use of combs as with hot irons. However, this style is for naturally curly or wavy hair only and cannot be used on hair that has been pressed.

[[image]]Method of Inserting the Water Waving Combs, Push Comb in to the Scalp and add Pressure in the Direction of the Dip.

To those persons who have had a permanent wave, the water wave is almost indispensable as it keeps the permanent wave from having a too fluffy appearance.
DIRECTIONS FOR WATER WAVING
Begin the wave on the heavy side of the part, if the hairdress is to be a side part. For the first wave, two combs should be used. Comb the hair forward and shape the wave with the dressing comb, pulling the hair forward just as is done with a marcel iron in the process or marcel waving. Insert the water waving comb and push it into the hair at a point about an inch below where the wave will rest when the head is completed and the wave placed.

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TEXT BOOK OF BEAUTY CULTURE

Next, comb the hair in the opposite direction or backward as in marcel waving and insert the second comb about an inch below the first comb and push it gently against the scalp for about one inch. Place the hand upon this comb, holding it in place until the next wave is shaped with the dressing comb. Pull the ridges of the hair between the combs so that they will show up prominently and not be flattened.

About eighteen combs are required to wave the top and two side pieces of the hair. A shoestring is sometimes used to tie the combs from ear to ear. The ends of the hair may be rolled upon hair pins or curlers to form the bob curls. A water waving net or veil is then placed over the hair and allowed to remain there until the hair has been thoroughly dried by the hair dryer. Hair pins should be pinned through the net or veil in order to secure the combs. 
No doubt, the origin of the water wave was the finger wave that mothers used to make when they brushed the dampened hair around the index finder of the left hand. When the finger was withdrawn, a beautiful long curl was the result. If the long curl is allowed to dry and then pulled out or lightly combed a pretty wave is formed.
FINGER WAVING
Like water waving, finger waving is most successful on naturally curly or wavy hair and hair that has been permanently waved. It is an easy art and should be mastered by all our hair dressers and recommended to patrons of our race who may have naturally straight hair which does not require the pressing process, and to such customers as may have hair requiring pressing but is too short to take a becoming marcel or croquignole wave. 
A finger wave is almost a necessity to the permanent wave. A permanent wave leaves the hair curly, but to be beautifully dressed, a permanent wave must be set by water waving with the aid of combs or in finger waves, employing the dressing comb and the fingers with a good waving fluid.
REQUIREMENTS FOR FINGER WAVING- The requirements for a finger wave are a large three-cornered or cap shaped net known as a water waving net. A finger waving comb, a good curling or waving fluid, a set of metal curlers, and a hair-dryer. For unpressed hair select a fluid that is not too sticky and contains a small amount of alcohol. For pressed hair select Madam C. J. Walker's Finger Waving Fluid, or some other heavy fluid which has body enough to cause the hair to remain as placed, but does not glue the strands together, nor dry out unnaturally.

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