Viewing page 114 of 147

This transcription has been completed. Contact us with corrections.

THE MADAM C. J. WALKER SCHOOLS

The nerves control the arrector muscles of the hair and the action of the glands of the skin. 

APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN-

The appendages of the skin are:
1. The Nails. (See chapter on Manicuring.)
2. The Hair. (See chapter on the Hair.)
3. The Sebaceous Glands.
4. The Sudoriferous or Sweat Glands and their ducts.

A general description of the glands and their functions has already been taken up so that here we may concern ourselves with the two types of glands situated in the skin, which in our work as master beauticians we need have a working knowledge.

THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS

These are the OIL glands and they occur everywhere over the skin surface, except in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. They are abundant in the scalp and face and are especially numerous around the lobes of the nose, ears, and corners of the mouth. The function of these glands is to pour out a secretion known as SEBUM, which lubricates the hairs and skin. Some of the largest of the sebaceous glands are found in the nose and other parts of the face and their openings, which we recognize as PORES, often become enlarged from the accumulation of secretions. This pent-up secretion often becomes discolored, causing a condition we know as BLACKHEADS. This accumulated secretion also provides a means for the growth of pus-producing organisms and therefore is a common source of pimples and boils.

THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS

These are the SWEAT GLANDS. They are abundant over the entire skin, but are largest and most numerous in the arms pits, forehead, the palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Each gland consists of a single tube rising from the subcutaneous tissues, which rises as the excretory duct of the gland, up through the corium, and line the spiral arrangement of a corkscrew, it passes through the epidermis, and finally opens on the skin surface by a slightly widened opening called the PORE. The function of the sudoriferous glands is to eliminate the waste products from the body by means of the excretion known as perspiration or sweat. It is estimated that 16 to 20 ounces of perspiration are secreted by these glands in every 24-hour period. Activity of the sweat glands is increased by hot weather, high humidity, exercise, pain, nausea, 

226


TEXT BOOK OF BEAUTY CULTURE

mental excitement, nervousness, and certain diseases. Drugs and medicated baths force an abnormal discharge of perspiration by the sweat glands, and thereby lighten the work of the other organs of elimination. What er eat, the amount of water we drink and exercise affect the action of these glands and strict attention should be given to them that our sudoriferous glands may continue to function normally from day to day.

THE CERUMINOUS GLANDS

Certain modified sweat-glands exist in the skin lining the external auditory canal which are called the Ceruminous Glands. They secret a yellow, pasty substance called CERUMEN, but commonly known as earwax.

LESIONS OF THE SKIN

A lesion of the skin is any structural change in the tissue resulting from injury or disease. OBJECTIVE lesions are those which can be seen as blisters and pimples. SUBJECTIVE lesions are those which can be felt as itching and burning.

The lesions of the skin are classified as PRIMARY AND SECONDARY:

PRIMARY LESIONS-
1. MACULE- A spot or small patch with no elevation as freckles, liver splotches, etc.

2. PAPULE- A small elevation, fairly hard, no pus, as a pimple

3. VESICLE- A small blister or sac containing watery fluid.

4. PUSTULE- A small inflamed pimple containing pus.

5. TUBERCULE- A small, deep-seated, nob-like elevation, a larger papule, usually solid.

6. BLEB or BULLA- A large blister filled with liquid.

7. WHEAL- A whitish or pinkish elevation on the skin, lasting usually but a short time. Caused by insect bites, rash, hives, etc.

8. TUMOR- An abnormal enlargement. Hard and usually supplied with an abundance of blood. These massing of cells and tissue grow at the expense of the rest of the body and should be removed as early as possible lest they spread and destroy other tissue. 

227