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[[underlined]] Chapter XIII. [[/underlined]] 279. ^[[I]]nner Asian horse-riding peoples. I have seen, for example, perforated globular mace-heads in both bronze and stone (the latter pretty certainly copied from the former), studded with points (pl. [[strikethrough]] CXIV).[[/strikethrough]] ^[[38, fig. 1).]] Their warriors likewise carried light lances (fig. [[strikethrough]] 33 [[/strikethrough]] ^[[51]]). Moreover, prior to the time (about the close of the 4th century B.C.) when the Chinese adopted from their nomadic neighbors the use of mounted bowmen, [[superscript]] (253) [[/superscript]] their cavalry --------------------- [[superscript]] (252) [[/superscript]] We might have inferred this borrowing as an instance of a typical and, in the circumstances, almost inevitable culture-loan; but its occurrence is specifically attested, at some length and in more than one work, for the northern state of Chao, already mentioned ([[underlined]] cf. [[/underlined]] pp. 220 [[underlined]] sqq. [[/underlined]]); see, [[underlined]] e.g.[[/underlined]], the [[underlined]] Shih chi [[/underlined]] , chapt. xliii, fols. 17-a [[underlined]] sqq. [[/underlined]] ---------------------- too are said to have been armed with long light lances. [[superscript]] (254) [[/superscript]] Horse so equip- ---------------------------- [[superscript]] (254) [[/superscript]] These lances are recorded as having been 18 old Chinese (about 13.5 English) feet in length; [[underlined]] cf. [[/underlined]] the chapter, "Explanations of Military Terms", in the [[underlined]] Shih ming [[/underlined]] [[2 Chinese characters]], a work attributed to Liu Hsi [[2 Chinese characters]], about the end of the Han Dynasty. --------------------- ped, yet using neither saddles nor stirrups, can scarcely have been very formidable; the employment of shock tactics, for instance, would have been practically out of the question. [[superscript]] (255) [[/superscript]] I have in fact found no mention ---------------------- [[superscript]] (255) [[/superscript]] Similarly, the Assyrian troopers are shown riding bareback until the time of Asshurbanipal (669-626 B.C.), when a saddle-cloth, strikingly like the one shown in fig. [[strikethrough]] 18 [[/strikethrough]] ^[[27,]] begins to appear. -------------------------- in the oldest Chinese literature of the use of cavalry in actual combat; it appears instead to have been employed at first for scouting, skirmishing, foraging, delivering surprise attacks, and following up a beaten enemy---all of them tasks calling for celerity of movement rather than actual striking-power. [[superscript]] (256) [[/superscript]] -------------------- [[superscript]] (256) [[/superscript]] The [[underlined]] T'ung tien [[/underlined]] [[2 Chinese characters]] (9th century A.D.) quotes Sun Ping [[Chinese characters]] of Ch'i (4th century B.C.) on the ten advantages inhering in the use of cavalry; but none of those enumerated refers to its employment in battle. Similarly, during the Second Punic War, Hannibal used his light Numidian horse chiefly for such tasks as scouting, foraging, and surprise attacks on the Roman baggage-trains; [[underlined]] cf. [[/underlined]] G. T. Denison, [[strikethrough]] " [[/strikethrough]] [[underlined]] A [[/underlined]]
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